Herbal Remedies (S)
(In alphabetical order, scroll down the page)

      St. John's Wort: "Pinch the yellow flowers of this attractive perennial and -- presto, the petals turn red. St John's Wort is a common roadside weed that is tied by both name and legend to religion and witchcraft. It was said on the Isle of Wight that if you stepped on the plant at twilight, you might be carried off on a magic fairy horse and not return until daylight."

"For centuries this plant was thought to have the power to drive out devils. With the spread of Christianity, the plant was associated with St John the Baptist. It was said to bloom first on his birthday, June 24, and to bleed red oil from its leaf glands on the day in August that he was beheaded. Moreover, the plant was believed to be most potent if harvested for medicinal purposes on St John's Day." Rodale's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Herbs

St John's Wort is a highly valued herb that has been used in healing for more than two thousand years. It contains both immune enhancing and anti-viral components and is being studied by AIDS researchers. St John's Wort has significant concentrations of immune-modulating flavonoids, and also contains hypericin, a substance that is both antiviral and antidepressive.

St John's Wort may act as a natural antidepressive, and provides valuable relief to those suffering from anxiety, tension and stress. While not recommended for severe clinical depression, it may help for occasional "blue moods" that don't require professional interaction. It is also a common herbal recommendation for menstrual cramps and the symptoms of menopause.

Externally, this extraordinarily versatile herb is used in the healing of bruises, minor burns (such as sunburn), psoriasis, varicose veins and wounds.

St. John's Wort is an attractive, hardy perennial that smells like turpentine or balsam. It has the curious property of appearing to bleed when crushed. It is considered a noxious, rampant weed in California and the plant itself cannot be cultivated here. However, despite the fact that it spreads by runners, it is seldom invasive and can be controlled by pulling.

      Sarsaparilla: (Smilax spp.)  Many different species are called by the general name sarsaparilla. Various species are found in Mexico, South America, and the Caribbean. The root is used therapeutically.

In Mexico, sarsaparilla was used for arthritis, cancer, skin diseases, and a host of other conditions. At the turn of the century, there were reports of its use in the treatment of psoriasis and leprosy. Sarsaparilla also has a tradition of use in various women’s health concerns and was rumored to have a progesterone-like effect. Sarsaparilla was formerly a major flavoring agent in root beer.

Sarsaparilla contains steroidal saponins, such as sarsasapogenin, which may mimic the action of some human hormones; this property remains undocumented.  It also contains phytosterols, such as beta-sitosterol, which may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effect of this herb. Reports have shown anti-inflammatory and liver-protecting effects.

Sarsaparilla is often taken in capsules at a dose of 2–4 grams three times daily.  Tincture, 2–4 ml three times daily.  Sarsaparilla is usually used in conjunction with other therapeutic herbs.

Sarsaparilla may cause stomach irritation and temporary kidney irritation.  There are possible drug interaction problems.  If you are taking prescription medicines, consult your physician.

      Saw Palmetto:  Also called sabal palm, grows in the southeastern United States. Its dark berries were traditionally made into a tea and taken for urinary problems or sexual difficulties.  During much of the nineteenth century, saw palmetto berry extract was included in the National Formulary, a list of acceptable medicines, to treat the symptoms of prostate enlargement. As medicine came to rely more on science, doctors became skeptical about the value of this botanical remedy and it was dropped from the Formulary before 1950.  More recent studies indicate that it is indeed effective for this indication and probably should never have been dropped.

Even those who have saw palmetto growing in their backyards may want to stick with commercial extracts rather than try to make their own tea. The berries do not taste good, and most of the active ingredients appear to be less soluble in water than in alcohol or hexane.

Saw palmetto berries contain free fatty acids and plant sterol compounds described as phytosterols or sitosterols, especially beta-sitosterol and some related chemicals. These ingredients appear to modify estrogen receptors and block the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a more active chemical.  There are also flavonoids and some polysaccharides in the berries, but their activity has not been described. Standardized products contain 85 to 95 percent fatty acids and sterols.

At least seven controlled studies demonstrate that saw palmetto berry extract is better than placebo for treating symptoms of benign prostate hypertrophy (frequent urination, restricted urine flow, nighttime urination).  In one study, the herb was nearly as effective as the prescription drug Minipress (prazosin) for controlling such symptoms, and in other research it reportedly performed better than the prescription prostate medicine Proscar (finasteride) in reducing symptoms.  Research using ultrasound has shown that saw palmetto berry extract can shrink enlarged prostate tissue.  Some research has shown that saw palmetto berries may also have anti-inflammatory activity and can help reduce allergic reactions.  The plant has been used traditionally as a diuretic and may also help to stimulate immune response.  The herb's effect on enlarged prostate tissue is by far the most clinically important.

For early stages of benign prostate enlargement: 320 mg extract daily, in divided doses, or the equivalent of 1 or 2 grams of saw palmetto berries.  Four to six weeks may be required to determine if the herb is helping.  

Special Precautions:  Estrogen-like activity and the ability to block testosterone conversion suggest that pregnant women and those who may become pregnant should avoid contact with saw palmetto berry extract, just as they should avoid finasteride.  Men are urged not to treat urinary symptoms without medical diagnosis. Similar symptoms might be caused by a more serious condition, such as prostate.

      Schizandra chinensis:  Also Known As: Magnolia Vine, Wu Wei Zi, O Mi Cha.  In China, in the days of the Dynasties, these berries were highly valued for their ability to preserve a youthful appearance. It was said to help one become radiant.  Schizandra being a mood elevator, through health and increased mental clarity, is capable of helping one experience a happier, as well as a healthier, lifestyle.

Schizandra is a climbing vine of the Magnolia family with many variants growing in the Carolina's, Georgia, Florida and many other states. It is found as Schizandra Chinensis in many regions of China, Korea, Japan and is found in adjacent areas in Russia. Modern investigation, research and use has proven Schizandra to have value in many areas but none so interesting as it's use as an adaptogen.

Recent popularization of Schizandra has led to it's inclusion in herbal preparations designed to be used as stimulants. Most of these contain Ma Huang, Guarana and/or caffeine. But Schizandra as an adaptogen works on a much deeper and profound level. By bringing a balance or a "homeostatis" to the organs the use of Schizandra is responsible for a harmonious condition to spread in the body.

Recent research has proven Schizandra to stimulate the gastro-intestinal tract, immune system, central nervous system, lungs, liver, kidneys/adrenals, general metabolism and is known to improve short term and long term memory as well as other mental functions. They aid the body's ability to utilize oxygen and therefore help anyone with respiratory problems or just in need of extra energy. This also is essential in chronic viral conditions.

Clinical studies show Schizandra to have a wide range of positive effects on mood and emotional stability by stimulating portions of the central nervous system.

Schizandra strengthens and quickens reflexes and increase efficiency in stress related tests. Schizandra is seen by the traditional Chinese herbalist as being a very balanced tonic and is represented as both tonic to yin and yang instead of one or the other. In the traditional view herbs are also considered to have a unique 'signature' in appearance as well as taste and other attributes. In this case, Schizandra being called 'Wu Wei Zu' or 'five tastes herb' is very much considered a balanced herb due to this quality of having every flavor. This characteristic of containing all five flavors also relates to it's inherent quality of imparting the energy of the five elements, in a balanced and profound manner. Perhaps we perceive this balance in a different manner yet the results cannot be denied as these tart little red berries have an unusual ability to tone and balance not only physiological but emotional states as well.

This balancing act is evident in results with users who show improved concentration and positive results in other areas such as insomnia, mental fatigue, memory problems yet these effects from Schizandra do not cause the unwanted side effects that always accompany central nervous system stimulants. Instead, Schizandra has been shown effective as a sedative, especially in tincture form. Schizandra's action on the liver and kidney's contribute to it's renown as a longevity herb. It has a nourishing action on the liver and also increases the Jing, the energy of the kidney's and adrenals.

Apart from it's use in preserving a radiant youthfulness, it's new reputation as a smart drug, and increasing sexual stamina, this herb is without adverse side effects and actually has a positive cumulative effect. In China it is said with 100 days of use that Schizandra will "purify the blood, make one radiant and restore the liver" (the liver is associated with aging in China). The long term benefits are, as with any adaptogen, a strengthened constitution, the ability to resist stress whether chemical, or emotional and the heighthened resistance to disease. Specifically, Schizandra has been shown to strengthen and protect the liver through regeneration and detoxification, it increases metabolic activity due to the increase of hepatic glycogen content and relieving fatty degeneration of the liver and it has also been shown to improve eyesight and is currently being researched to determine through what mechanism and to what extent.

The recommended dosage of Schizandra depends upon what effects are desired and what form is being used. The ripe, dried berries are used to make a most delicious tea. Take 2 to 4 tablespoons of berries and immerse in 2 cups water. Bring water to boil. Reduce heat to a simmer and continue simmering 12 minutes or untill the liquid is reduced to one cup. Strain and cover with 3 cups water so that the process may be repeated when desired.  The berries may be reboiled untill they lose their color and taste, perhaps as much as three times. Honey may be added but sugar is not recommended.  Two to three cups of tea per day should be enough for the desired results.

As with any adaptogen, there is an immediate and a long term effect. Use patience and common sense in your experience with herbs, adaptogens and nutritives also. Any common food can be considered dangerous if used without awareness. The tincture of Schizandra is a bit more sedative than the tea. It is used when more immediate effects are desired.

The recommended herbs for combination are determined by many factors. For males ginseng is most helpful as is Ho Shou Wu. For females Dong Quai is recommended as well as Peony root (red).  Dong Quai should be eaten in small quantities over long periods of time. For immune purposes ginseng and astragalus (Huang Ch'i) are excellent as well as Reishi mushroom can be used with Schizandra. For energy, Ginseng, Astragalus and/or Codonopsis (Dang Shen) mix well with Schizandra. Also Ho Shou Wu and Lycii berries. To calm one's spirit or for insomnia use red dates and ginseng with Poria Cocos (Fu Ling) and Schizandra in a tea along with a large portion of cordyceps. Prepare as you would for Schizandra using all equal portions. For a female tonic which prevents PMS and cramps use this daily: Schizandra, Dong Quai, Lycii berries and Peony root.

      Senna:  (Cassia senna, Cassia angustifolia)  The senna shrub grows in India, Pakistan, and China. The leaves and pods are used medicinally.   Traditional use of seen is as a laxative.  It's considered a cleansing herb because of its cathartic effect.  In addition, the leaves are sometimes made into a paste and applied to ringworm and acne.

Senna contains anthraquinone glycosides known as sennosides. These molecules are converted by the normal bacteria in the colon into rhein-anthrone, which in turn has two effects.  It stimulates colon activity to speed bowel movements and increases fluid secretion by the colon.1 Together, these actions work to get a sluggish colon functional again. Several controlled studies have confirmed the benefit of senna in treating constipation.

Herbalists generally suggest an herbal extract in capsules or tablets providing 20–60 mg of sennosides per day.  Senna can cause the colon to become dependent on it to move properly.  Therefore, senna must not be used for more than ten consecutive days.  If constipation is not alleviated within ten days, individuals should seek the help of a healthcare professional.  Combination with herbal mint teas can help decrease cramping.

Chronic senna use can also cause loss of fluids, low potassium levels, and diarrhea, all of which can lead to dehydration and negative effects on the heart and muscles.  Certain medications interact in a positive and/or negative way with senna.  Ask your doctor if you are currently taking prescription medications.

      Slippery Elm:  (Ulmus rubra)   The slippery elm tree is native to North America, where it still primarily grows.  The inner bark of the tree provides the greatest therapeutic benefit. 

Slippery elm is often used in the treatment of inflamed digestive conditions such as colitis, diarrhea, duodenal ulcers, enteritis and gastritis.  It also may soothe coughs, colds and sore throats and is an  ingredient of some cough lozenges and cough syrups.  In a poultice, it treats abscesses, boils, minor burn and wounds.  Native Americans found innumerable medicinal and other uses for this tree.  Canoes, baskets, and other household goods were made from the tree and its bark.  Slippery elm was also used internally for everything from sore throats to diarrhea.   Slippery elm is also The mucilage of slippery elm gives it the soothing effect for which it is known.  The bark contains a host of other constituents, but the carbohydrates that comprise the mucilage are the most important.

Two or more tablets or capsules (typically 400–500 mg each) can be taken three to four times per day.   A tea, three to four cups a day, Tincture, 5 ml three times per day. 

Slippery elm is quite safe. However, because it is so mucilaginous, it may interfere with the absorption of medicine taken at the same time.

      Spearmint:  (Mentha spicata) aka: Curled Mint, Fish Mint, Garden Mint, Green Mint, Lamb Mint, Mackerel Mint, Our Lady's Mint, Sage of Bethlehem, Spire Mint.  Spearmint is considered a remedy for indigestion and gas, although its effectiveness has not been officially recognized.

This member of the mint family has been held in high regard since Roman times. The ancients believed that it kept milk from souring, and used it as a bath additive, gargle, washing agent, and remedy for bee and wasp stings. The herb is named for Menthe, a nymph who, according to legend, was turned into a plant by the goddess Persephone when she learned of Pluto's love for the girl.

Spearmint contains an essential oil called Spearmint oil. The chief constituent is carvone which sometimes causes allergy in users of Spearmint preparations. Also present are Phellandrine, Limonene, and Dihydrocarveol acetate, esters of acetic, butyric and caproic or caprylic acids. 

Spearmint is chiefly used for culinary purposes, but it is also used in the aroma and flavor industry. Spearmint is also used to relieve hiccough, flatulence, nausea, vomiting and colic pain. It is also used to treat painful haemorrhoids and for rheumatism.  Spearmint also has antifungal, antiviral, antimicrobial, insecticide, antioxidant, antiamebic, antihemolytic, allergenic, CNS depressant, antihelmintic and antiancylostomiasis activities.

The medicinal oil of Spearmint is extracted from the above-ground parts of the plant by steam distillation. Today, it is used primarily as a flavoring agent in toothpaste, chewing gum, and certain food preparations. Unprocessed Spearmint leaves are used as a remedy for gas.

There are no known medical conditions preclude the use of Spearmint.  Special Precautions:  There is a slight possibility of developing an allergy to Spearmint oil. Aside from that, the herb appears to be safe.

      Stevia:  (Stevia rebaudiana)  The stevia plant originally came from the rain forests of Brazil and Paraguay. It is now grown in those areas, as well as in Japan, Korea, Thailand, and China. It is most widely used as a nonsugar sweetener in food and drink, particularly because it does not appear to have any of the side effects of sugar and is not broken down by heat.  The leaf is utilized medicinally. 

The natives of South America used stevia primarily as a sweetener. The indigenous tribes also used stevia to treat diabetes. During World War II, stevia was grown in England as a sugar substitute. The greatest use of stevia today can be found in Japan.   Stevia accounts for nearly 40% of the sweetener market in Japan and is commonly used in various parts of South America.

Stevia contains various glycosides, particularly stevoside, give stevia its sweetness.  Stevoside is somewhere between 100 and 200 times sweeter than sugar. Early reports suggested that stevia might reduce blood sugar (and therefore potentially help with diabetes), although not all reports have confirmed this. Even if stevia did not have direct antidiabetic effects, its use as a sweetener could reduce intake of sugars in such patients. 

Less than 1 gram per day can be used effectively as a sweetener.  Usually, the powdered herb is added directly to tea or to food.  Moderate intake of stevia is not believed to be harmful.

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